MPINO-16A8R8T is an all-in-one industrial Arduino with 16 digital inputs, 8 relay outputs, and 8 transistor outputs. A single PCB integrates analog inputs/outputs, temperature sensor inputs, high-speed counters/pulse outputs, and RS-232·RS-485·UART·I²C communication.

Program the controller with Arduino IDE (Arduino C/C++) or MPINO STUDIO 2 (Arduino C/C++ & ladder logic).

See the MPINO Series specifications for the board name, connection method, and first I/O numbers for MPINO-16A8R8T.

Markdown file: Download MPINO-16A8R8T.md

See the one-channel digital-input check before wiring for the first time. →

Group	Terminal	Arduino Pin	Input Configuration	Terminals and Wiring Example
COM0	I(22)~I(29)	D22~D29	8 digital inputs, sharing COM0
COM1	I(30)~I(37)	D30~D37	8 digital inputs, sharing COM1

The digital inputs are isolated by bidirectional optocouplers and accept DC 5~24V NPN or PNP signals. Select the input type through the COM0·COM1 wiring polarity.

Use digitalRead() to display the D22~D37 input states every 200ms. HIGH is 1 and LOW is 0.

void setup() {
  Serial.begin(115200);
}
 
void loop() {
  for (uint8_t pin = 22; pin <= 37; pin++) {
    Serial.print(F("D"));
    Serial.print(pin);
    Serial.print(F(": "));
    Serial.println(digitalRead(pin));
  }
  delay(200);
}

Related built-in functions

Function prototype

bool IdigitalRead(uint8_t pin, uint8_t samples);

IdigitalRead(22, 5) reads D22 5 times consecutively. Update the state when all readings are HIGH or all are LOW; mixed readings retain the previous state. Unlike a time-based debounce filter, it inserts no delay between readings.

void setup() {
  Serial.begin(115200);
}
 
void loop() {
  const bool inputOn = IdigitalRead(22, 5);  // Read D22 five times consecutively and return the stable state
  Serial.println(inputOn ? F("D22 ON") : F("D22 OFF"));
  delay(200);
}

Function prototype

bool Ibounce(uint8_t pin, uint32_t debounceTime);
bool IbounceOn(uint8_t pin, uint32_t debounceTime);
bool IbounceOff(uint8_t pin, uint32_t debounceTime);

Compare three filters on the D22 input. Each returns the filtered ON/OFF state.

• Ibounce(22, 30): Apply ON and OFF only after they remain stable for at least 30ms.
• IbounceOn(22, 500): Delay ON by 500ms; apply OFF immediately.
• IbounceOff(22, 500): Delay OFF by 500ms; apply ON immediately.

Each function operates independently, even on the same pin. Run the filters on every loop() iteration and display only the results at 200ms intervals.

unsigned long lastPrint = 0;
 
void setup() {
  Serial.begin(115200);
}
 
void loop() {
  const bool stable = Ibounce(22, 30);  // Filter D22 ON/OFF chatter over 30ms
  const bool onDelayed = IbounceOn(22, 500);  // Delay only D22 ON by 500ms; apply OFF immediately
  const bool offDelayed = IbounceOff(22, 500);  // Delay only D22 OFF by 500ms; apply ON immediately
 
  if (millis() - lastPrint >= 200) {
    lastPrint = millis();
    Serial.print(F("Ibounce: "));
    Serial.print(stable);
    Serial.print(F(", IbounceOn: "));
    Serial.print(onDelayed);
    Serial.print(F(", IbounceOff: "));
    Serial.println(offDelayed);
  }
}

Function prototype

void Ialt(bool input, bool &state_var);

Ialt(input, state) inverts state whenever the input changes from OFF to ON. Pressing D22 once turns D39 ON; pressing again turns it OFF. Holding the input retains the state. The example debounces the input with Ibounce(22, 30) before passing it to Ialt(). outputOn is a global variable retained between calls, and Ialt() modifies it directly.

bool outputOn = false;
 
void setup() {
  Serial.begin(115200);
  digitalWrite(39, LOW);
}
 
void loop() {
  const bool previous = outputOn;
  const bool inputOn = Ibounce(22, 30);  // Filter D22 ON/OFF chatter over 30ms
  Ialt(inputOn, outputOn);  // Invert outputOn on an OFF→ON input transition
  digitalWrite(39, outputOn ? HIGH : LOW);
 
  if (outputOn != previous) {
    Serial.println(outputOn ? F("D39 ON") : F("D39 OFF"));
  }
}

The MPINO-16A8R8T STATUS LED is an indicator mounted on the board. You can use it to show the operating state of your program.

The STATUS LED is connected to digital pin D13. In a sketch, use LED_BUILTIN in place of D13. Set pinMode(LED_BUILTIN, OUTPUT) before controlling it. digitalWrite(LED_BUILTIN, HIGH) turns the LED on; digitalWrite(LED_BUILTIN, LOW) turns it off.

Note: The STATUS LED is on the board and is separate from the external output terminals.

This example turns the STATUS LED on and off at 0.5-second intervals.

void setup() {
  pinMode(LED_BUILTIN, OUTPUT);
}
 
void loop() {
  digitalWrite(LED_BUILTIN, HIGH);  // LED on
  delay(500);
  digitalWrite(LED_BUILTIN, LOW);   // LED off
  delay(500);
}

See the one-channel SINK transistor-output check before wiring for the first time. →

Terminal	Arduino Pin	Output Type	Rating	Terminals and Wiring Example
O(39)~O(46)	D39~D46	SINK ON: connected to GND OFF: open	DC 0~55V Max. 3A/1 point·15A/COM

Connect the transistor-output load between V+ and the output terminal.

Map inputs D22~D29 to outputs D39~D46 in order. When an input is HIGH, its corresponding output turns ON.

void setup() {
  for (uint8_t pin = 39; pin <= 46; pin++) digitalWrite(pin, LOW);
}
 
void loop() {
  for (uint8_t ch = 0; ch < 8; ch++) {
    digitalWrite(39 + ch, digitalRead(22 + ch));
  }
}

See the one-channel relay-output check before wiring for the first time. →

Group	Terminal	Arduino Pin	Contact ratings	Terminals and Wiring Example
COM3	R(62), R(63)	D62, D63	AC 250V or DC 30V, Max. 5A/1 point
COM4	R(64), R(65)	D64, D65	AC 250V or DC 30V, Max. 5A/1 point
COM5	R(66), R(67)	D66, D67	AC 250V or DC 30V, Max. 5A/1 point
COM6	R(68), R(69)	D68, D69	AC 250V or DC 30V, Max. 5A/1 point

Relay outputs are dry contacts that physically connect each COM terminal to its output terminal. Connect a separate load power supply.

Map inputs D22~D29 to outputs D62~D69 in order. When an input is HIGH, its corresponding output turns ON.

void setup() {
  for (uint8_t pin = 62; pin <= 69; pin++) digitalWrite(pin, LOW);
}
 
void loop() {
  for (uint8_t ch = 0; ch < 8; ch++) {
    digitalWrite(62 + ch, digitalRead(22 + ch));
  }
}

Use analogRead() to display the ADC raw values (0~1023) of A0~A3. Each channel's voltage/current mode follows the actual product settings.

const uint8_t analogPins[] = {A0, A1, A2, A3};
 
void setup() {
  Serial.begin(115200);
}
 
void loop() {
  for (uint8_t ch = 0; ch < 4; ch++) {
    Serial.print(F("A"));
    Serial.print(ch);
    Serial.print(F(" ADC: "));
    Serial.println(analogRead(analogPins[ch]));
  }
  delay(500);
}

Related built-in functions

Function prototype

int32_t IanalogRead(uint8_t ch, int32_t min, int32_t max);
float IanalogReadf(uint8_t ch, float min, float max);

This example assumes A0 is configured for 0~5V input and A2 for 0(4)~20mA input. Both functions scale the ADC input to the specified min~max range. IanalogRead() returns an integer with the fractional part discarded; IanalogReadf() returns a floating-point value. This example displays the 0~5V input on A0 as both 0~100% and voltage. For the 0~20mA input on A2, specify a range of 0~20 to read the actual current.

void setup() {
  Serial.begin(115200);
}
 
void loop() {
  const int32_t percent = IanalogRead(A0, 0, 100);  // Scale A0 to an integer from 0~100%
  const float voltage = IanalogReadf(A0, 0.0f, 5.0f);  // Scale A0 to a floating-point voltage from 0~5V
  const float current = IanalogReadf(A2, 0.0f, 20.0f);  // Scale A2 to a floating-point current from 0~20mA
  Serial.print(F("A0: "));
  Serial.print(percent);
  Serial.print(F(" %, "));
  Serial.print(voltage, 2);
  Serial.print(F(" V, A2: "));
  Serial.print(current, 2);
  Serial.println(F(" mA"));
  delay(500);
}

Function prototype

int32_t IanalogRead2(uint8_t ch, int32_t min, int32_t max);
float IanalogRead2f(uint8_t ch, float min, float max);

This example assumes A0 is configured for 0~5V input and A2 for 0(4)~20mA input. Scale a 4~20mA sensor input connected to A2 to a user-defined range. IanalogRead2(A2, 0, 100) returns an integer with 4mA mapped to 0% and 20mA to 100%. IanalogRead2f(A2, 4.0f, 20.0f) returns the current as a floating-point value. Below approximately 3.6mA, both functions return ANALOG_READ2_ERROR(65535); from approximately 3.6~4mA, they return the specified minimum.

void setup() {
  Serial.begin(115200);
}
 
void loop() {
  const int32_t percent = IanalogRead2(A2, 0, 100);  // Scale A2 4~20mA to an integer from 0~100%
  const float current = IanalogRead2f(A2, 4.0f, 20.0f);  // Convert A2 4~20mA to a floating-point current
  if (percent == ANALOG_READ2_ERROR ||
      current == (float)ANALOG_READ2_ERROR) {
    Serial.println(F("A2: 4-20mA input error"));
  } else {
    Serial.print(F("A2: "));
    Serial.print(percent);
    Serial.print(F(" %, "));
    Serial.print(current, 2);
    Serial.println(F(" mA"));
  }
  delay(500);
}

Function prototype

int32_t analogReadAvg(uint8_t ch, uint8_t samples);
int32_t analogRead2Avg(uint8_t ch, uint8_t samples);

This example assumes A0 is configured for 0~5V input and A2 for 0(4)~20mA input. analogReadAvg(A0, 5) returns a moving average of the raw A0 ADC readings (0~1023). analogRead2Avg(A2, 5) averages the corrected A2 4~20mA values (4mA=0, 20mA=32767). Each function accumulates up to 5 valid readings from recent calls; it does not take 5 readings in one call. The maximum samples value is 20. analogRead2Avg() returns ANALOG_READ2_AVG_ERROR(-1) for inputs below approximately 3.6mA.

void setup() {
  Serial.begin(115200);
}
 
void loop() {
  const int32_t voltageAvg = analogReadAvg(A0, 5);  // Moving average of up to 5 recent A0 ADC values
  const int32_t currentAvg = analogRead2Avg(A2, 5);  // Moving average of up to 5 recent corrected A2 4~20mA values
  Serial.print(F("A0 ADC average: "));
  Serial.print(voltageAvg);
  Serial.print(F(", A2 4-20mA average: "));
  if (currentAvg == ANALOG_READ2_AVG_ERROR) {
    Serial.println(F("input error"));
  } else {
    Serial.println(currentAvg);
  }
  delay(500);
}

Use analogRead() to display the temperature-sensor ADC raw values (0~1023) of A4, A5. Celsius conversion is explained in the built-in functions below.

void setup() {
  Serial.begin(115200);
}
 
void loop() {
  Serial.print(F("A4 ADC: "));
  Serial.println(analogRead(A4));
  Serial.print(F("A5 ADC: "));
  Serial.println(analogRead(A5));
  delay(500);
}

Related built-in functions

Function prototype

int ntcRead(uint8_t ch);
float ntcReadf(uint8_t ch);

Read the temperature of the NTC 10kΩ (25℃), B=3950K sensor connected to NTC input A4. ntcRead() returns an integer equal to 10 times the Celsius temperature (25.3℃ → 253); ntcReadf() returns the Celsius temperature as a floating-point value (25.3). Both have a resolution of 0.1℃. Values outside the conversion range are clamped to -40℃ or 120℃, so do not use these values to detect an open or short circuit.

void setup() {
  Serial.begin(115200);
}
 
void loop() {
  const int temperature10 = ntcRead(A4);  // Return A4 temperature as an integer in Celsius ×10
  const float temperature = ntcReadf(A4);  // Return A4 temperature as floating-point Celsius
  Serial.print(F("ntcRead: "));
  Serial.print(temperature10);
  Serial.print(F(" (0.1 C), ntcReadf: "));
  Serial.print(temperature, 1);
  Serial.println(F(" C"));
  delay(500);
}

Terminal	Arduino Pin	Output range	Resolution	Connector Pinout
AO(6), AO(7)	D6, D7	DC 0~5V	16-bit (0~65535)

Analog outputs use TIMER4. The TCNT4 high-speed counter input also uses TIMER4, so the two functions cannot be used simultaneously.

Use analogWrite() with the default 8-bit value 128 to output approximately 2.5V on AO(6)·AO(7). Use the built-in functions below for 16-bit voltage scaling. An external 12~24V supply is required; do not use this simultaneously with the Timer4 high-speed counter.

void setup() {
  analogWrite(6, 128);
  analogWrite(7, 128);
}
 
void loop() {
}

Related built-in functions

Function prototype

void analogWriteInit(uint8_t ch, uint16_t top = 65535, uint16_t prescaler = 1);
void IanalogWrite(uint8_t ch, int32_t min, int32_t max, int32_t value);
void IanalogWritef(uint8_t ch, float min, float max, float value);

Set AO(6) to 2500 in the 0~5000mV range and AO(7) to 2.5 in the 0~5V range to output approximately 2.5V. First use analogWriteInit(6) to configure the shared Timer4 for 16-bit operation with TOP=65535. The two channels share Timer4; do not use them simultaneously with TCNT4.

void setup() {
  analogWriteInit(6);  // Set Timer4 for AO(6)/AO(7) to 16-bit mode
  IanalogWrite(6, 0, 5000, 2500);  // Output a 16-bit value equivalent to 2500mV on AO(6)
  IanalogWritef(7, 0.0f, 5.0f, 2.5f);  // Output a 16-bit value equivalent to 2.5V on AO(7)
}
 
void loop() {
}

I²C communication cannot be used simultaneously when SDA and SCL are used as encoder inputs or external interrupts. P(2) shares pulse-output and external-interrupt functions.

Count the TCNT4·TCNT5 isolated inputs as external timer clocks. Use rising edges on the MCU timer input; the value wraps to 0 after 65535. Read atomically and display every 500ms. This uses Timer4; do not run it simultaneously with AO(6)·AO(7).

#include <util/atomic.h>
 
void setup() {
  Serial.begin(115200);
  TIMSK4 = 0;
  TCCR4A = 0;
  TCCR4B = 0x07;
  TCNT4 = 0;
  TIMSK5 = 0;
  TCCR5A = 0;
  TCCR5B = 0x07;
  TCNT5 = 0;
}
 
void loop() {
  uint16_t first, second;
  ATOMIC_BLOCK(ATOMIC_RESTORESTATE) {
    first = TCNT4;
    second = TCNT5;
  }
  Serial.print(F("TCNT4: "));
  Serial.print(first);
  Serial.print(F(", TCNT5: "));
  Serial.println(second);
  delay(500);
}

Count FALLING edges on SDA(D20). The inputs have 4.7kΩ pull-ups (SDA/SCL). This software interrupt example reads the 32-bit value with ATOMIC_BLOCK and displays it every 500ms. Lossless counting is not guaranteed at the maximum input frequency. Because this uses SDA·SCL, do not run it simultaneously with I²C communication.

static_assert(digitalPinToInterrupt(SDA) != NOT_AN_INTERRUPT, "Invalid interrupt input");
 
#include <util/atomic.h>
 
volatile uint32_t pulseCount = 0;
 
void countPulse() {
  pulseCount++;
}
 
void setup() {
  Serial.begin(115200);
  // SDA is pulled up; count when the external signal pulls it to GND
  attachInterrupt(digitalPinToInterrupt(SDA), countPulse, FALLING);
}
 
void loop() {
  uint32_t snapshot;
  ATOMIC_BLOCK(ATOMIC_RESTORESTATE) {
    snapshot = pulseCount;
  }
  Serial.print(F("SDA pulses: "));
  Serial.println(snapshot);
  delay(500);
}

Related built-in functions

Function prototype

void TCNTSETUP(uint8_t timerNumber, bool on32bit = false);

Use TCNTSETUP(timerNumber, false) to configure Timer4·Timer5 as 16-bit external-clock counters. Read the accumulated values from the TCNT4·TCNT5 registers. TCNTOUT() returns the overflow count in 32-bit mode, not the accumulated pulse count, so it is not used in this 16-bit example. Do not use Timer4 and AO outputs simultaneously.

#include <util/atomic.h>
 
void setup() {
  Serial.begin(115200);
  TCNTSETUP(4, false);  // Configure Timer4 as a 16-bit external pulse counter
  TCNTSETUP(5, false);  // Configure Timer5 as a 16-bit external pulse counter
}
 
void loop() {
  uint16_t first, second;
  ATOMIC_BLOCK(ATOMIC_RESTORESTATE) {
    first = TCNT4;
    second = TCNT5;
  }
  Serial.print(F("TCNT4: "));
  Serial.print(first);
  Serial.print(F(", TCNT5: "));
  Serial.println(second);
  delay(500);
}

Connect phase A to SDA(D20) and phase B to SCL(D21). This x1 counting example uses a 4.7kΩ pull-up (SDA/SCL) and increments when phase B is LOW at a FALLING edge. The actual rotation direction depends on the phase A/B wiring. Because this uses SDA·SCL, do not run it simultaneously with I²C communication.

static_assert(digitalPinToInterrupt(SDA) != NOT_AN_INTERRUPT, "Invalid interrupt input");
 
#include <util/atomic.h>
#include <stdint.h>
 
volatile int32_t position = 0;
 
void readEncoder() {
  // Increment if phase B is LOW at the phase A falling edge (x1 decoding)
  if (digitalRead(SCL) == LOW) {
    if (position < INT32_MAX) position++;
  } else {
    if (position > INT32_MIN) position--;
  }
}
 
void setup() {
  Serial.begin(115200);
  // Encoder phase A → SDA(D20), phase B → SCL(D21)
  attachInterrupt(digitalPinToInterrupt(SDA), readEncoder, FALLING);
}
 
void loop() {
  int32_t snapshot;
  ATOMIC_BLOCK(ATOMIC_RESTORESTATE) {
    snapshot = position;
  }
  Serial.print(F("Encoder: "));
  Serial.println(snapshot);
  delay(500);
}

Terminal	Arduino Pin	Timers	Connector Pinout
P(11), P(12)	D11, D12	TIMER1
P(5), P(2)	D5, D2	TIMER3

Pulse outputs use an 8-bit duty value by default, with an output voltage of DC 0~5V. Configure the timer registers to use a 16-bit duty value.

Set analogWrite() duty value 128 in the 0~255 range on D11, D12, D5, D2 to output approximately 50% PWM.

void setup() {
  analogWrite(11, 128);
  analogWrite(12, 128);
  analogWrite(5, 128);
  analogWrite(2, 128);
}
 
void loop() {
}

Related built-in functions

Function prototype

void PWM(uint8_t pin, uint16_t val, bool onDutybit16 = false);

PWM(pin, val, onDutybit16) sets the duty value. The 8-bit range is 0~255; with the third argument true, the 16-bit range is 0~65535. Output the 16-bit midpoint value 32768 on D11. D11·D12 share Timer1, and D5·D2 share Timer3; use the same resolution on the same timer. Start after calling PWM_RESET().

void setup() {
  PWM_RESET();  // Stop PWM timers and reset their modes
  PWM(11, 32768, true);  // Output a midrange 16-bit duty value on D11
}
 
void loop() {
}

Function prototype

void FDPWM(uint8_t pin, int32_t intHz, float Duty);

FDPWM(pin, intHz, Duty) specifies the frequency (Hz) and duty cycle (%). Output 1kHz at 50% duty on D11. D11·D12 share Timer1, and D5·D2 share Timer3; specify the same frequency for outputs on the same timer. There is no separate FPWM() function; use FDPWM(pin, hz, 50.0f) for 50% duty output.

void setup() {
  PWM_RESET();  // Stop PWM timers and reset their modes
  FDPWM(11, 1000, 50.0f);  // Output 1kHz at 50% duty on D11
}
 
void loop() {
}

Function prototype

void NPWM_BEGIN(uint8_t pin, uint32_t intHz, float Duty, uint32_t N);
void NPWM(uint8_t pin);

Use NPWM_BEGIN() to prepare 100 pulses at 1kHz and 50% duty on D11, then run NPWM() on every loop() iteration to handle output and completion. Do not insert delay(). D11·D12 share Timer1, and D5·D2 share Timer3; do not combine this with other outputs on the same timer.

void setup() {
  PWM_RESET();  // Stop PWM timers and reset their modes
  NPWM_BEGIN(11, 1000, 50.0f, 100);  // Prepare 100 pulses at 1kHz, 50% duty on D11
}
 
void loop() {
  NPWM(11);  // Process the prepared pulse output and completion
}

Function prototype

void PWMOFF(uint8_t pin, bool POff);

PWMOFF(pin, true) sets the channel stop flag; false clears it. Call FDPWM() immediately after setting the flag to apply it to the output connection. Turn D11 on for 2 seconds and off for 2 seconds; after stopping, hold LOW with digitalWrite(). This stop flag does not apply to NPWM().

void setup() {
  PWM_RESET();  // Stop PWM timers and reset their modes
}
 
void loop() {
  PWMOFF(11, false);  // Clear the stop state of D11
  FDPWM(11, 1000, 50.0f);  // Apply the cleared flag and start 1kHz, 50% output
  delay(2000);
 
  PWMOFF(11, true);  // Set the stop state of D11
  FDPWM(11, 1000, 50.0f);  // Apply the stop flag and disconnect PWM output
  digitalWrite(11, LOW);
  delay(2000);
}

Function prototype

void PWM_RESET();

PWM_RESET() resets the Timer1·Timer3·Timer4·Timer5 control registers and counters. Output 1kHz on D11 for 2 seconds, then stop all timers. This also affects PWM, counters, and analog outputs on the same timer. It does not also clear the PWMOFF() stop flag.

void setup() {
  PWM_RESET();  // Stop PWM timers and reset their modes
  FDPWM(11, 1000, 50.0f);  // Output 1kHz at 50% duty on D11
  delay(2000);
  PWM_RESET();  // Stop and reset all PWM on Timer1, Timer3, Timer4 and Timer5
  digitalWrite(11, LOW);
}
 
void loop() {
}

Function	Arduino Pin	Object	Device Wiring
USB Upload / Monitoring	D0(RX0), D1(TX0)	Serial
RS-232	D19(RX1), D18(TX1)	Serial1
RS-485	D17(RX2), D16(TX2)	Serial2
UART	D15(RX3), D14(TX3)	Serial3
I²C	D20(SDA), D21(SCL)	Wire

RS-485 uses automatic direction control, so no separate control pin is needed to switch between transmission and reception.

Forward characters between Serial(115200bps) and RS-232 Serial1(9600bps, 8-N-1). Check the free space in the transmit buffer with availableForWrite(). Serial2 is RS-485 and Serial3 is TTL UART; when using those terminals, replace Serial1 in the example with the corresponding object.

// Serial Monitor via MP download cable ↔ RS-232 Serial1
void setup() {
  Serial.begin(115200);
  Serial1.begin(9600);  // Also configure the other device for 9600 bps, 8-N-1
}
 
void loop() {
  if (Serial.available() && Serial1.availableForWrite()) {
    Serial1.write(Serial.read());
  }
  if (Serial1.available() && Serial.availableForWrite()) {
    Serial.write(Serial1.read());
  }
}

Use Wire to scan addresses 0x08~0x77 and display responding addresses every 3 seconds. Do not run this simultaneously with encoder/interrupt examples that use SDA·SCL.

#include <Wire.h>
 
void setup() {
  Serial.begin(115200);
  Wire.begin();
  Wire.setClock(100000);
}
 
void loop() {
  uint8_t found = 0;
  for (uint8_t address = 0x08; address <= 0x77; address++) {
    Wire.beginTransmission(address);
    const uint8_t result = Wire.endTransmission();
    if (result == 0) {
      Serial.print(F("I2C: 0x"));
      if (address < 16) Serial.print('0');
      Serial.println(address, HEX);
      found++;
    }
  }
  Serial.print(F("Devices: "));
  Serial.println(found);
  delay(3000);
}

Related built-in functions

Function prototype

void ImodbusRTUMem(uint16_t m_size, uint16_t d_size);
void ImodbusRTUAdr(uint16_t m_offset, uint16_t d_offset);
void ImodbusRTUInit(HardwareSerial& serialPort, uint8_t slaveId, long baudrate);
void ImodbusRTU();

Store the D22 state in M[0] and the raw A0 reading (0~1023) in D[0] for the other device to read. Configure RS-232(Serial1), station 1, 9600bps, 8N1. Read M[0] with FC01, start address 0, quantity 1 bit; read D[0] with FC03, start address 0, quantity 1 word. Addresses are zero-based on-wire addresses. Call the communication function on every loop() iteration. This example does not control outputs.

M and D are shared global memory provided by the core. Run this sketch on its own. When combining protocols, do not allocate the shared memory more than once. For RS-485 terminals, replace Serial1 with Serial2; for UART terminals, use Serial3.

unsigned long lastPrint = 0;
bool memoryReady = false;
 
void setup() {
  Serial.begin(115200);
  ImodbusRTUMem(8, 8);  // Allocate 8 M bits and 8 D words
  ImodbusRTUAdr(0, 0);  // Set the M and D communication start addresses to 0
  ImodbusRTUInit(Serial1, 1, 9600);  // Start RS-232 at station 1, 9600bps
  memoryReady = (M != nullptr && D != nullptr);
  if (!memoryReady) Serial.println(F("Memory allocation failed"));
}
 
void loop() {
  if (!memoryReady) return;
  M[0] = digitalRead(22);
  D[0] = analogRead(A0);
  ImodbusRTU();  // Process incoming Modbus RTU requests
 
  if (millis() - lastPrint >= 1000) {
    lastPrint = millis();
    Serial.print(F("M[0]: "));
    Serial.print(M[0]);
    Serial.print(F(", D[0]: "));
    Serial.println(D[0]);
  }
}

Function prototype

void ImodbusRTUmasterInit(HardwareSerial& serialPort, long baudrate, uint8_t config);
uint8_t ImodbusRTUmaster(HardwareSerial& serialPort, uint8_t slaveId, uint8_t functionCode, uint16_t address, uint16_t quantity, uint16_t* data, uint16_t timeoutMs = 100);

Read one holding register from the remote slave over RS-232(Serial1) every 1 second. Configure the other device for station 1, 9600bps, 8N1, FC03, and on-wire start address 0. The response is stored in received[0] and displayed only on success. Error codes are displayed in hexadecimal. This is a separate sketch from the slave example above and uses a receive array instead of M/D memory. For RS-485 terminals, replace Serial1 with Serial2; for UART terminals, use Serial3.

unsigned long lastRequest = 0;
uint16_t received[1];
 
void setup() {
  Serial.begin(115200);
  ImodbusRTUmasterInit(Serial1, 9600, SERIAL_8N1);  // Start RS-232 as a Modbus master
}
 
void loop() {
  if (millis() - lastRequest < 1000) return;
  lastRequest = millis();
  const uint8_t result = ImodbusRTUmaster(Serial1, 1, 3, 0, 1, received, 200);  // Read 1 word at address 0 from station 1, timeout 200ms
 
  if (result == IMODBUS_RTU_SUCCESS) {
    Serial.print(F("Register 0: "));
    Serial.println(received[0]);
  } else {
    Serial.print(F("Modbus error: 0x"));
    Serial.println(result, HEX);
  }
}

Related built-in functions

Function prototype

void ICnetMem(uint16_t m_size, uint16_t d_size, uint16_t r_size = 100);
void ICnetAdr(uint16_t m_offset, uint16_t d_offset, uint16_t r_offset = 0);
void ICnetInit(HardwareSerial& serialPort, uint8_t slaveId, long baudrate);
void ICnet();

Store the D22 state in M[0] and the raw A0 reading (0~1023) in D[0] for an HMI to read. Configure the other device for LS Industrial Systems Cnet, RS-232, station 1, 9600bps, 8N1. Read the bit at %MX00000(M[0]) and the word at %DW0(D[0]). Call the communication function on every loop() iteration. This example does not control outputs.

M, D, and R are shared global memory provided by the core; this example does not use R. Run this separately from the Modbus example. When combining protocols, do not allocate the shared memory more than once. For RS-485 terminals, replace Serial1 with Serial2; for UART terminals, use Serial3.

unsigned long lastPrint = 0;
bool memoryReady = false;
 
void setup() {
  Serial.begin(115200);
  ICnetMem(8, 8, 0);  // Allocate 8 M bits and 8 D words; R is unused
  ICnetAdr(0, 0, 0);  // Set the M and D communication start addresses to 0
  ICnetInit(Serial1, 1, 9600);  // Start RS-232 at station 1, 9600bps
  memoryReady = (M != nullptr && D != nullptr);
  if (!memoryReady) Serial.println(F("Memory allocation failed"));
}
 
void loop() {
  if (!memoryReady) return;
  M[0] = digitalRead(22);
  D[0] = analogRead(A0);
  ICnet();  // Process incoming LS Cnet requests
 
  if (millis() - lastPrint >= 1000) {
    lastPrint = millis();
    Serial.print(F("M[0]: "));
    Serial.print(M[0]);
    Serial.print(F(", D[0]: "));
    Serial.println(D[0]);
  }
}

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