MPAINO Series is an assembled industrial Arduino combining a CPU module with digital input and output modules.
Analog input/output, temperature sensor input, and high-speed pulse output modules can be added as options.
The selected I/O and optional modules are assembled and shipped as one product. Users cannot add or remove modules.

X analog input module details — DIP settings, wiring and examples → F PT100 input details — wiring, channels and example → Y analog output details — DIP settings, wiring and example → K pulse output details — channels, Timers and examples →

MPAINO-32A32R provides 32 digital inputs and 32 relay outputs.

Program the controller with Arduino IDE (Arduino C/C++) or MPINO STUDIO 2 (Arduino C/C++ & ladder logic).

Use the MPAINO-32A32R Arduino IDE getting-started guide to select the board and port and check the first input and output.

Module	Group	Terminal	Input Configuration	Terminals and Wiring Example
Module 0	COM0 COM1	D0~D7 D8~D15	16 isolated digital inputs D0/D1 also serve as INT0/INT1
Module 1	COM0 COM1	D16~D23 D24~D31	16 isolated digital inputs

The digital inputs are isolated by optocouplers and accept DC 5~24V NPN or PNP switches and sensors. Select the input type through the COM terminal wiring polarity of each module.

• If the input terminal receives DC 5~24V, connect the corresponding COM to GND.
• If the input terminal receives GND, connect the corresponding COM to DC 5~24V.

Read the states of input logical numbers 0~31 with digitalRead(). The current ILOGICS core internally translates the original physical D numbers printed on the terminals.

void setup() {
  Serial.begin(115200);
}
 
void loop() {
  for (uint8_t ch = 0; ch < 32; ++ch) {
    Serial.print(ch);
    Serial.print(": " );
    Serial.println(digitalRead(ch));
  }
  delay(500);
}

Related built-in functions

Function prototype

bool IdigitalRead(uint8_t pin, uint8_t samples);

IdigitalRead(0, 5) reads input 0 5 times consecutively. Update the state when all readings are HIGH or all are LOW; mixed readings retain the previous state. Unlike a time-based debounce filter, it inserts no delay between readings.

void setup() {
  Serial.begin(115200);
}
 
void loop() {
  const bool inputOn = IdigitalRead(0, 5);  // Read input 0 five times consecutively and return the stable state
  Serial.println(inputOn ? F("Input 0 ON") : F("Input 0 OFF"));
  delay(200);
}

Function prototype

bool Ibounce(uint8_t pin, uint32_t debounceTime);
bool IbounceOn(uint8_t pin, uint32_t debounceTime);
bool IbounceOff(uint8_t pin, uint32_t debounceTime);

Compare three filters on input 0. The return value is the filtered ON/OFF state.

• Ibounce(0, 30): Apply either ON or OFF after it remains stable for at least 30ms.
• IbounceOn(0, 500): Delay ON by 500ms; apply OFF immediately.
• IbounceOff(0, 500): Delay OFF by 500ms; apply ON immediately.

Each function operates independently, even on the same pin. Run the filters on every loop() iteration and display only the results at 200ms intervals.

unsigned long lastPrint = 0;
 
void setup() {
  Serial.begin(115200);
}
 
void loop() {
  const bool stable = Ibounce(0, 30);  // Filter input 0 ON/OFF chatter over 30ms
  const bool onDelayed = IbounceOn(0, 500);  // Delay only input 0 ON by 500ms; apply OFF immediately
  const bool offDelayed = IbounceOff(0, 500);  // Delay only input 0 OFF by 500ms; apply ON immediately
 
  if (millis() - lastPrint >= 200) {
    lastPrint = millis();
    Serial.print(F("Ibounce: "));
    Serial.print(stable);
    Serial.print(F(", IbounceOn: "));
    Serial.print(onDelayed);
    Serial.print(F(", IbounceOff: "));
    Serial.println(offDelayed);
  }
}

Function prototype

void Ialt(bool input, bool &state_var);

Ialt(input, state) inverts state whenever the input changes from OFF to ON. Pressing input 0 once turns output 64 ON; pressing again turns it OFF. Holding the input retains the state. The example debounces the input with Ibounce(0, 30) before passing it to Ialt(). outputOn is a global variable retained between calls, and Ialt() modifies it directly.

bool outputOn = false;
 
void setup() {
  Serial.begin(115200);
  digitalWrite(64, LOW);
}
 
void loop() {
  const bool previous = outputOn;
  const bool inputOn = Ibounce(0, 30);  // Filter input 0 ON/OFF chatter over 30ms
  Ialt(inputOn, outputOn);  // Invert outputOn on an OFF→ON input transition
  digitalWrite(64, outputOn ? HIGH : LOW);
 
  if (outputOn != previous) {
    Serial.println(outputOn ? F("Output 64 ON") : F("Output 64 OFF"));
  }
}

Module	Group	Output terminals	Contact configuration	Terminals and Wiring Example
Module 0	COM0~COM3	D64~D79	16 relay outputs 4 points/1COM
Module 1	COM0~COM3	D80~D95	16 relay outputs 4 points/1COM

Relay outputs are dry contacts. When ON, the output terminal physically connects to COM, allowing control of DC and AC loads. Connect a separate load power supply to COM.

Map inputs 0~31 to outputs 64~95. When HIGH, the dry relay contact turns ON.

void setup() {
  for (uint8_t ch = 0; ch < 32; ++ch) digitalWrite(64 + ch, LOW);
}
 
void loop() {
  for (uint8_t ch = 0; ch < 32; ++ch) {
    digitalWrite(64 + ch, digitalRead(ch));
  }
}

Terminal	Configuration	Maximum input frequency	Mutually exclusive functions	Encoder wiring
D0(INT0), D1(INT1) / Module 0 COM0	Isolated inputs	8kHz	YK / Y2K / K2 / Y3 / Y4 option configuration
SDA(D20·INT2), SCL(D21·INT3)	Non-isolated input, built-in 4.7kΩ pull-up	50kHz	I²C communication

Connect the encoder with phase A on SDA(D20) and phase B on SCL(D21). When SDA·SCL are used as encoder or interrupt inputs, I²C communication cannot be used simultaneously on the same terminals.

SDA(D20) on the I²C terminals is a 4.7kΩ pull-up input. Do not use this example simultaneously with I²C communication. In the MPAINO board package, argument 2 of digitalPinToInterrupt() is the logical interrupt number assigned to SDA, not digital input 2. Count FALLING edges when SDA changes from HIGH to LOW. This is a software ISR example and does not guarantee lossless counting at the maximum frequency.

#include <util/atomic.h>
 
static_assert(digitalPinToInterrupt(2) == 3, "SDA interrupt mapping");
volatile uint32_t pulseCount = 0;
void onPulse() { ++pulseCount; }
 
void setup() {
  Serial.begin(115200);
  attachInterrupt(digitalPinToInterrupt(2), onPulse, FALLING);
}
 
void loop() {
  uint32_t count;
  ATOMIC_BLOCK(ATOMIC_RESTORESTATE) { count = pulseCount; }
  Serial.println(count);
  delay(500);
}

SDA(D20) on the I²C terminals is a 4.7kΩ pull-up input. Do not use this example simultaneously with I²C communication. In the MPAINO board package, argument 2 of digitalPinToInterrupt() is the logical interrupt number assigned to SDA, not digital input 2. Connect phase A to SDA and phase B to SCL. At the falling edge of phase A, increment when B is HIGH and decrement when B is LOW. The direction changes with the phase A/B connections. Because SCL overlaps the digital module logical numbers, read the physical pin state directly.

#include <util/atomic.h>
 
static_assert(digitalPinToInterrupt(2) == 3, "SDA interrupt mapping");
volatile int32_t position = 0;
 
void onEncoder() {
  // Read the physical SCL pin directly because its number overlaps a digital module logical number
  const bool bHigh = (*portInputRegister(digitalPinToPort(SCL)) & digitalPinToBitMask(SCL)) != 0;
  if (bHigh) ++position;
  else --position;
}
 
void setup() {
  Serial.begin(115200);
  attachInterrupt(digitalPinToInterrupt(2), onEncoder, FALLING);
}
 
void loop() {
  int32_t value;
  ATOMIC_BLOCK(ATOMIC_RESTORESTATE) { value = position; }
  Serial.println(value);
  delay(500);
}

Function	Arduino object	Terminals / Pins	Device Wiring
Program upload and monitoring	Serial	Download port
RS-232	Serial1	CPU module RS-232 terminals
RS-485	Serial2	CPU module RS-485 terminals
UART	Serial3	CPU module TXD/RXD terminals
I²C	Wire	SDA: D20, SCL: D21

The RS-232, RS-485, and UART channels support the built-in Modbus RTU Master/Slave and LS Industrial Systems Cnet functions.

Forward characters between Serial(115200bps) and RS-232(Serial1, 9600bps, 8N1). Run each port example independently.

// Serial Monitor via USB download port ↔ RS-232 Serial1
void setup() {
  Serial.begin(115200);
  Serial1.begin(9600);  // Also configure the other device for 9600 bps, 8-N-1
}
 
void loop() {
  if (Serial.available() && Serial1.availableForWrite()) {
    Serial1.write(Serial.read());
  }
  if (Serial1.available() && Serial.availableForWrite()) {
    Serial.write(Serial1.read());
  }
}

Forward characters between Serial(115200bps) and RS-485(Serial2, 9600bps, 8N1). Run each port example independently.

// USB download port Serial Monitor ↔ RS-485 Serial2
void setup() {
  Serial.begin(115200);
  Serial2.begin(9600);  // Also configure the other device for 9600 bps, 8-N-1
}
 
void loop() {
  if (Serial.available() && Serial2.availableForWrite()) {
    Serial2.write(Serial.read());
  }
  if (Serial2.available() && Serial.availableForWrite()) {
    Serial.write(Serial2.read());
  }
}

Forward characters between Serial(115200bps) and UART(Serial3, 9600bps, 8N1). Run each port example independently.

// USB download port Serial Monitor ↔ UART Serial3
void setup() {
  Serial.begin(115200);
  Serial3.begin(9600);  // Also configure the other device for 9600 bps, 8-N-1
}
 
void loop() {
  if (Serial.available() && Serial3.availableForWrite()) {
    Serial3.write(Serial.read());
  }
  if (Serial3.available() && Serial.availableForWrite()) {
    Serial.write(Serial3.read());
  }
}

Scan for I²C device addresses on SDA·SCL. Do not run this simultaneously with pulse/encoder examples that use the same terminals.

#include <Wire.h>
 
void setup() {
  Serial.begin(115200);
  Wire.begin();
  Wire.setClock(100000);
}
 
void loop() {
  uint8_t found = 0;
  for (uint8_t address = 0x08; address <= 0x77; address++) {
    Wire.beginTransmission(address);
    const uint8_t result = Wire.endTransmission();
    if (result == 0) {
      Serial.print(F("I2C: 0x"));
      if (address < 16) Serial.print('0');
      Serial.println(address, HEX);
      found++;
    }
  }
  Serial.print(F("Devices: "));
  Serial.println(found);
  delay(3000);
}

Related built-in functions

Function prototype

void ImodbusRTUMem(uint16_t m_size, uint16_t d_size);
void ImodbusRTUAdr(uint16_t m_offset, uint16_t d_offset);
void ImodbusRTUInit(HardwareSerial& serialPort, uint8_t slaveId, long baudrate);
void ImodbusRTU();

Store input 0 in M[0] and operating time (seconds) in D[0] for the other device to read. Configure RS-485(Serial2), station 1, 9600bps, 8N1. Read M[0] with FC01, start address 0, 1 bit; read D[0] with FC03, start address 0, 1 word. Addresses are actual transmitted addresses, starting from 0. Call the communication function on every loop() iteration; this example does not control outputs.

M and D are shared global memory provided by the core. Run this sketch on its own. When combining protocols, do not allocate the shared memory more than once.

unsigned long lastPrint = 0;
bool memoryReady = false;
 
void setup() {
  Serial.begin(115200);
  ImodbusRTUMem(8, 8);  // Allocate 8 M bits and 8 D words
  ImodbusRTUAdr(0, 0);  // Set the M and D communication start addresses to 0
  ImodbusRTUInit(Serial2, 1, 9600);  // Start RS-485 at station 1, 9600bps
  memoryReady = (M != nullptr && D != nullptr);
  if (!memoryReady) Serial.println(F("Memory allocation failed"));
}
 
void loop() {
  if (!memoryReady) return;
  M[0] = digitalRead(0);
  D[0] = (uint16_t)(millis() / 1000UL);
  ImodbusRTU();  // Process incoming Modbus RTU requests
 
  if (millis() - lastPrint >= 1000) {
    lastPrint = millis();
    Serial.print(F("M[0]: "));
    Serial.print(M[0]);
    Serial.print(F(", D[0]: "));
    Serial.println(D[0]);
  }
}

Function prototype

void ImodbusRTUmasterInit(HardwareSerial& serialPort, long baudrate, uint8_t config);
uint8_t ImodbusRTUmaster(HardwareSerial& serialPort, uint8_t slaveId, uint8_t functionCode, uint16_t address, uint16_t quantity, uint16_t* data, uint16_t timeoutMs = 100);

Read 1 holding register from the slave every 1 second over RS-485(Serial2). Configure the other device for station 1, 9600bps, 8N1, FC03, and on-wire start address 0. The response is stored in received[0] and displayed only on success. Error codes are displayed in hexadecimal. This is a separate sketch from the slave example above and uses a receive array instead of M/D memory.

unsigned long lastRequest = 0;
uint16_t received[1];
 
void setup() {
  Serial.begin(115200);
  ImodbusRTUmasterInit(Serial2, 9600, SERIAL_8N1);  // Start RS-485 as a Modbus master
}
 
void loop() {
  if (millis() - lastRequest < 1000) return;
  lastRequest = millis();
  const uint8_t result = ImodbusRTUmaster(Serial2, 1, 3, 0, 1, received, 200);  // Read 1 word at address 0 from station 1, timeout 200ms
 
  if (result == IMODBUS_RTU_SUCCESS) {
    Serial.print(F("Register 0: "));
    Serial.println(received[0]);
  } else {
    Serial.print(F("Modbus error: 0x"));
    Serial.println(result, HEX);
  }
}

Related built-in functions

Function prototype

void ICnetMem(uint16_t m_size, uint16_t d_size, uint16_t r_size = 100);
void ICnetAdr(uint16_t m_offset, uint16_t d_offset, uint16_t r_offset = 0);
void ICnetInit(HardwareSerial& serialPort, uint8_t slaveId, long baudrate);
void ICnet();

Store input 0 in M[0] and operating time (seconds) in D[0] for the HMI to read. Configure the other device for LS Industrial Systems Cnet, RS-232, station 1, 9600bps, 8N1. Read %MX00000(M[0]) for the bit and %DW0(D[0]) for the word. Call the communication function on every loop() iteration; this example does not control outputs.

M, D, and R are shared global memory provided by the core; this example does not use R. Run this separately from the Modbus example. When combining protocols, do not allocate the shared memory more than once.

unsigned long lastPrint = 0;
bool memoryReady = false;
 
void setup() {
  Serial.begin(115200);
  ICnetMem(8, 8, 0);  // Allocate 8 M bits and 8 D words; R is unused
  ICnetAdr(0, 0, 0);  // Set the M and D communication start addresses to 0
  ICnetInit(Serial1, 1, 9600);  // Start RS-232 at station 1, 9600bps
  memoryReady = (M != nullptr && D != nullptr);
  if (!memoryReady) Serial.println(F("Memory allocation failed"));
}
 
void loop() {
  if (!memoryReady) return;
  M[0] = digitalRead(0);
  D[0] = (uint16_t)(millis() / 1000UL);
  ICnet();  // Process incoming LS Cnet requests
 
  if (millis() - lastPrint >= 1000) {
    lastPrint = millis();
    Serial.print(F("M[0]: "));
    Serial.print(M[0]);
    Serial.print(F(", D[0]: "));
    Serial.println(D[0]);
  }
}

This example is for a product shipped with the corresponding optional module. Match the module configuration shown in the example to the actual factory configuration.

This configuration has 1 installed X module with Analog Input Module → X selected. analogRead(0~3) reads the ADS1118 raw values (0~32767) from the first X module. Match each channel's DIP settings and wiring to its input signal.

void setup() {
  Serial.begin(115200);
}
 
void loop() {
  for (uint8_t ch = 0; ch < 4; ++ch) {
    Serial.print(ch);
    Serial.print(": " );
    Serial.println(analogRead(ch));
  }
  delay(500);
}

Related built-in functions

Function prototype

int32_t IanalogRead(uint8_t ch, int32_t min, int32_t max);
float IanalogReadf(uint8_t ch, float min, float max);

This example configures X module channel 0 for 0~5V and channel 1 for current input. Both functions scale the ADC input to the specified min~max range. IanalogRead() returns an integer with the fractional part discarded; IanalogReadf() returns a floating-point value. Display the 0~5V input on channel 0 as both 0~100% and voltage. For the 0~20mA input on channel 1, specify the range 0~20 to read the actual current.

void setup() {
  Serial.begin(115200);
}
 
void loop() {
  const int32_t percent = IanalogRead(0, 0, 100);  // Scale input 0 to an integer from 0~100%
  const float voltage = IanalogReadf(0, 0.0f, 5.0f);  // Scale input 0 to a floating-point value from 0~5V
  const float current = IanalogReadf(1, 0.0f, 20.0f);  // Scale input 1 to a floating-point value from 0~20mA
  Serial.print(F("0: "));
  Serial.print(percent);
  Serial.print(F(" %, "));
  Serial.print(voltage, 2);
  Serial.print(F(" V, 1: "));
  Serial.print(current, 2);
  Serial.println(F(" mA"));
  delay(500);
}

Function prototype

int32_t IanalogRead2(uint8_t ch, int32_t min, int32_t max);
float IanalogRead2f(uint8_t ch, float min, float max);

This example configures X module channel 0 for 0~5V and channel 1 for current input. Scale the 4~20mA sensor input connected to channel 1 to a user-defined range. IanalogRead2(channel 1, 0, 100) returns an integer mapping 4mA to 0% and 20mA to 100%. IanalogRead2f(channel 1, 4.0f, 20.0f) returns the current as a floating-point value. Below approximately 3.6mA, both functions return ANALOG_READ2_ERROR(65535); from approximately 3.6~4mA, they return the specified minimum.

void setup() {
  Serial.begin(115200);
}
 
void loop() {
  const int32_t percent = IanalogRead2(1, 0, 100);  // Scale input 1 at 4~20mA to an integer from 0~100%
  const float current = IanalogRead2f(1, 4.0f, 20.0f);  // Convert input 1 at 4~20mA to a floating-point current value
  if (percent == ANALOG_READ2_ERROR ||
      current == (float)ANALOG_READ2_ERROR) {
    Serial.println(F("1: 4-20mA input error"));
  } else {
    Serial.print(F("1: "));
    Serial.print(percent);
    Serial.print(F(" %, "));
    Serial.print(current, 2);
    Serial.println(F(" mA"));
  }
  delay(500);
}

Function prototype

int32_t analogReadAvg(uint8_t ch, uint8_t samples);
int32_t analogRead2Avg(uint8_t ch, uint8_t samples);

This example configures X module channel 0 for 0~5V and channel 1 for current input. analogReadAvg(channel 0, 5) returns a moving average of channel 0 ADC raw values (0~32767); analogRead2Avg(channel 1, 5) returns a moving average of channel 1 4~20mA corrected values (4mA=0, 20mA=32767). It averages up to 5 valid values from recent calls; it does not perform 5 reads in one call. The maximum samples value is 20. analogRead2Avg() returns ANALOG_READ2_AVG_ERROR(-1) for inputs below approximately 3.6mA.

void setup() {
  Serial.begin(115200);
}
 
void loop() {
  const int32_t voltageAvg = analogReadAvg(0, 5);  // Moving average of up to 5 recent ADC values from input 0
  const int32_t currentAvg = analogRead2Avg(1, 5);  // Moving average of up to 5 recent 4~20mA-adjusted values from input 1
  Serial.print(F("0 ADC average: "));
  Serial.print(voltageAvg);
  Serial.print(F(", 1 4-20mA average: "));
  if (currentAvg == ANALOG_READ2_AVG_ERROR) {
    Serial.println(F("input error"));
  } else {
    Serial.println(currentAvg);
  }
  delay(500);
}

With 1 X module and Analog Input Module → X selected, configure channel 0 for NTC mode. First check the raw value with analogRead(0).

void setup() {
  Serial.begin(115200);
}
 
void loop() {
  Serial.println(analogRead(0));
  delay(500);
}

Related built-in functions

Function prototype

int ntcRead(uint8_t ch);
float ntcReadf(uint8_t ch);

Configure X module channel 0 for NTC mode and connect an NTC 3950 10kΩ sensor. ntcRead() returns temperature in Celsius ×10 as an integer; ntcReadf() returns floating-point degrees Celsius. Out-of-range inputs are limited to the endpoints of -40~120°C, so do not use this as an open-circuit detection function.

void setup() {
  Serial.begin(115200);
}
 
void loop() {
  const int temp10 = ntcRead(0);  // X channel 0 temperature in Celsius ×10
  const float tempC = ntcReadf(0);  // X channel 0 temperature as floating-point Celsius
  Serial.print(temp10);
  Serial.print(", " );
  Serial.println(tempC, 1);
  delay(500);
}

Related built-in functions

Function prototype

int pt100Read(uint8_t ch);

Install 1 F module and select Temperature Sensor Input Module → F. 0~3 are the channels of the first F module. Display the input values of F module channels 0~3 in the Serial Monitor.

void setup() {
  Serial.begin(115200);
}
 
void loop() {
  for (uint8_t ch = 0; ch < 4; ++ch) {
    const int value = pt100Read(ch);  // Read the corresponding F module channel input
    Serial.print(ch);
    Serial.print(": " );
    Serial.println(value);
  }
  delay(500);
}

Install 1 Y module and select Analog Output Module → Y. The value in analogWrite(0~2, value) ranges from 0~65535. Output the midpoint value 32768 on channel 0; the output voltage/current range follows the module DIP settings.

void setup() {
 
}
 
void loop() {
  analogWrite(0, 32768);
  delay(500);
}

Related built-in functions

Function prototype

void IanalogWrite(uint8_t ch, int32_t min, int32_t max, int32_t value);
void IanalogWritef(uint8_t ch, float min, float max, float value);

Output 50% using an integer value on Y module channel 0 and 25% using a floating-point value on channel 1. min·max define the user-value range; the module DIP switches determine the electrical output mode.

void setup() {
 
}
 
void loop() {
  IanalogWrite(0, 0, 100, 50);  // Output 50% on Y channel 0
  IanalogWritef(1, 0.0f, 100.0f, 25.0f);  // Output 25% on Y channel 1
  delay(500);
}

Install 1 K module, select High-Speed Pulse Output Module → K, and set Y module to None. Use 20~25 for Arduino analogWrite(), 0~5 for the built-in PWM functions, and 130~135 for GPIO control. Output approximately 50% duty on the first K output.

void setup() {
 
}
 
void loop() {
  analogWrite(20, 128);
  delay(500);
}

Related built-in functions

Function prototype

void PWM(uint8_t pin, uint16_t val, bool onDutybit16 = false);

The configuration is 1 K module, no Y module, and High-Speed Pulse Output Module → K. Logical channels 0~2 share Timer1 and 3~5 share Timer5; use the same frequency within each group. Output the 16-bit midpoint duty value 32768 on K channel 0. PWM() defaults to the 8-bit range 0~255; specifying true selects 0~65535.

void setup() {
  PWM_RESET();  // Stop PWM timers and reset their modes
  PWM(0, 32768, true);  // Output a midrange 16-bit duty value on K channel 0
}
 
void loop() {
}

Function prototype

void FDPWM(uint8_t pin, int32_t intHz, float Duty);

The configuration is 1 K module, no Y module, and High-Speed Pulse Output Module → K. Logical channels 0~2 share Timer1 and 3~5 share Timer5; use the same frequency within each group. Output 1kHz at 50% duty on K channel 0. The core has no separate FPWM(); use FDPWM().

void setup() {
  PWM_RESET();  // Stop PWM timers and reset their modes
  FDPWM(0, 1000, 50.0f);  // Output 1kHz at 50% duty on K channel 0
}
 
void loop() {
}

Function prototype

void NPWM_BEGIN(uint8_t pin, uint32_t intHz, float Duty, uint32_t N);
void NPWM(uint8_t pin);

The configuration is 1 K module, no Y module, and High-Speed Pulse Output Module → K. Logical channels 0~2 share Timer1 and 3~5 share Timer5; use the same frequency within each group. Output a single burst of 100 pulses at 1kHz and 50% duty on K channel 0. Call NPWM() on every loop() iteration without inserting delay().

void setup() {
  PWM_RESET();  // Stop PWM timers and reset their modes
  NPWM_BEGIN(0, 1000, 50.0f, 100);  // Prepare 100 pulses at 1kHz, 50% duty on K channel 0
}
 
void loop() {
  NPWM(0);  // Process the prepared pulse output and completion
}

Function prototype

void PWMOFF(uint8_t pin, bool POff);

The configuration is 1 K module, no Y module, and High-Speed Pulse Output Module → K. Logical channels 0~2 share Timer1 and 3~5 share Timer5; use the same frequency within each group. Turn K channel 0 on for 2 seconds, then stop it for 2 seconds. After setting the PWMOFF() flag, call FDPWM() to apply the state and hold GPIO number 130 LOW. This stop flag does not apply to NPWM().

void setup() {
  PWM_RESET();  // Stop PWM timers and reset their modes
}
 
void loop() {
  PWMOFF(0, false);  // Clear the stop state of K channel 0
  FDPWM(0, 1000, 50.0f);  // Apply the cleared flag and start 1kHz, 50% output
  delay(2000);
 
  PWMOFF(0, true);  // Set the stop state of K channel 0
  FDPWM(0, 1000, 50.0f);  // Apply the stop flag and disconnect PWM output
  digitalWrite(130, LOW);
  delay(2000);
}

Function prototype

void PWM_RESET();

The configuration is 1 K module, no Y module, and High-Speed Pulse Output Module → K. Logical channels 0~2 share Timer1 and 3~5 share Timer5; use the same frequency within each group. Stop and reset Timer1·Timer5 in a K-only configuration. Output on channel 0 for 2 seconds, then stop. This affects all K outputs sharing the same timer.

void setup() {
  PWM_RESET();  // Stop PWM timers and reset their modes
  FDPWM(0, 1000, 50.0f);  // Output 1kHz at 50% duty on K channel 0
  delay(2000);
  PWM_RESET();  // Stop and reset all PWM on Timer1 and Timer5
  digitalWrite(130, LOW);
}
 
void loop() {
}

Control the CPU module STATUS LED with LED_BUILTIN (D128).

Display the input 0 state on the CPU module STATUS LED (LED_BUILTIN, logical number 128).

void setup() {
 
}
 
void loop() {
  digitalWrite(LED_BUILTIN, digitalRead(0));
}

1. Connect the computer to the CPU module download port with a USB cable.
2. Check the download port's COM number in Device Manager.
3. Select the verified COM number under Tools → Port in Arduino IDE.
4. Select MPAINO-32A32R(T) under Tools → Board.
5. Click Verify (✓) in Arduino IDE. If there are no errors, click Upload (→) to transfer the program.

Download MPAINO manual

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